A Very Im-Press-ive Museum – Gutenberg Museum

We all take for granted the printed word – books, magazines, newspapers and all those other printed things.  However, the ability to create multiple copies of a book was extremely difficult and time consuming.  

Say you had a copy of a Bible, in the mid 1400’s, and you wanted to make a copy for a friend.  Not any easy task.  First you had to find a source for the paper (usually vellum as paper as we know it wasn’t around yet), ink and binding materials and then you had to get started on the copy.  


A wax tablet made of wood and covered with a layer of wax. Using the stylus you could etch into the wax a message, drawing or something you want to remember. When you needed to ‘erase’ what you had, you used the other end to smooth off thee wax. An early a reusable and portable writing surface.

Once you found all the materials now you need to find a scribe.  A scribe had to be familiar with the writing and how to use writing when making a copy of something. The scribe had to make sure that all the lines were straight and the letters were the same size in each book that they copied. It typically took a scribe as much as fifteen months to copy a Bible.

So, along came a guy named Johannes Gutenberg.  Born in Mainz Germany at the turn of the century, as in 1400, he developed a technique of moveable type that resulted in the creation of the printing press as we know it today.  While he wasn’t actually the first to develop the technique, he was the first to make it a reasonable process.  The Chinese had developed printing but their process involved carving all the letters out of wood or clay and with the vast number of characters required made the ‘alphabet’ several thousand pieces!  Gutenberg only had 26 characters to deal with so, a much easier process.

Lots of different characters required for the Chinese printing process.

Gutenburg was a German craftsman and inventor and originated a method of printing from with movable type. One of the important things he invented was thought to have included the development of a metal alloythat could melt readily and cool quickly to form durable reusable type.  He also created an oil-based ink that could be made sufficiently thick to adhere well to the metal type and transfer well to vellum or paper, and he created a new press.  

Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material.  It took over 6,000 of these to make the Gutenberg Bible.

He likely adapted his first press from those used in producing wine, oil, or paper, thus the ability to apply firm and even pressure to printing surfaces. None of these features existed in the European technique up to that time.  Gutenberg’s printing press was considered a history-changing invention, making books widely accessible and ushering in an “information revolution.”

One of the printings that he is most famous for is the Gutenberg Bible.  The printing of this book contains 1,286 pages – with 300 pieces of unique types used in the printing and each page containing approximately 2,500 individual pieces of type.  It is estimated to have taken three to five years to complete the entire print run of 180 Bibles and each book weighs an average of 14 pounds!

Insofar as we were in Mainz, it seemed like the thing to do would be to visit the Gutenberg Museum.  The Gutenberg Museum is one of the oldest museums of printing in the world and was created in 1900 – almost 500 years after he created the printing process.  

The goal of the museum was to exhibit the writing and printing of as many different cultures as possible.  Clearly, they have been successful with this as there are lots of interesting exhibits to see and discover along with a number of printing presses including one that is thought to be a recreation of the original press he used in the 1400’s. 

There were a number of printing presses on display – some in operation, others just for show. A demonstration of the original printing press was done periodically during the day.

There are no know actual paintings of Gutenberg – this one depicts him as a magician.

So, if you haven’t figured it out we are now in Germany. Specially we are staying with our son and his family in Mainz – Wiesbaden. This is our final port of call on our current adventure and we will be here for a week or so. However, our adventure has included learning about Gutenberg’s life, the printing process and visiting this very enjoyable Museum.  If you are in Mainz, I would urge you to stop in.  If you have, please make a comment and share your experience too.

A Seaside Town – Deauville

Our final adventure in France was to the seaside town of Deauville.  This community holds an international film festival each year, has a very large race course, a harbor that will hold yachts of the rich and famous and  a Grand Casino.  It is regarded as the ‘queen of the Norman beaches’ and thus one of the most prestigious seaside resorts in all of France.  It is also the location of Villa Strassburger.

However, before visiting the Villa, we had to have lunch and went to Le Réfrectorie. 

 Located in the museum, Les Franciscaines, this was a relaxed place surrounded by books where you are encouraged to enjoy the food, read a good book and have conversations.  

From there we went to Villa Strassburger for our tour.

This Villa was built in 1907 by Baron Henri de Rothschild, close to the major race course of the city and elevated so he could watch the races from his porch.  It was sold to an American billionaire Ralph Beaver Strassburger, who was living in Deauville at the time. He was an expat from the US  who attended the US Naval Academy ,serving in the US Navy twice – once upon graduation and again during WWI, and spent his honeymoon in Normandy. The villa stayed in the family until 1980 when it was donated to the City by the family.

The house has a strong Norman character as reflected by the development of the vast grassy park planted with fruit and decorative trees.  The ground floor of the building uses brick and stone laid out in a checkerboard pattern and a half-timbered floor above.  There are a number of turrets, bow windows and roof decorations with ceramic finials reinforcing the picturesque character of the place.

Our guide met us at the entrance to the drive and walked us up to the front of the building providing commentary about the building and its location in the City. The entrance, facing west, opens onto a central hall that gives access to the smoking room, living room and dining room to the north, the children’s dining room, a single bedroom and grand staircase to the upper floors.

This staircase leads to the private apartments on the second floor. 


A rare thing, the villa has preserved its period furniture, its decoration, its knick-knacks throughout the house.

Janeen found a nice place to sit for a moment.

There are numerous paintings of horses and caricatures which testify to the equestrian parties of the time.  

All-in-all a quite interesting home – not as grand as you might expect but still worthy of a visit.

The Marie – City Hall of the town.

After the tour, Ryan drove us to a tea house for afternoon sweets, then we walked to the boardwalk along the beaches looking east to England.  

After enjoying the sun and breezes for a while, we walked to our waterside seafood restaurant.

After our visit we returned to Livarot for a relaxing time together.  

For my readers, I would love a comment if you have been to any of the places we have mentioned – particularly those off the beaten path.

4th of July Celebration at Château de Vendeuvre

It’s the fourth of July and what better way to celebrate then a visit to an Historical Monument.  OK, it might be in Normandy region of France, but still it’s historic.  This morning we ventured out to The Château de Vendeuvre located near Lisieux about 45 minutes away from our Gîte.

Classified as an Historic Monument, both for its exterior and interior, Vendeuvre is an sample of what a Norman country house should be. Built between 1750 and 1752 it is a great example of a country house of the eighteenth century. 

Classified as an Historic Monument, both for its exterior and interior, Vendeuvre is an sample of what a Norman country house should be. Built between 1750 and 1752 it is a great example of a country house of the eighteenth century. 

Over 200,000 shells were used to create the The Shell Grotto.

Our plan for the day was to arrive late morning at the Château and have a picnic lunch on the grounds prior to exploring the gardens and interior of the building.

A delicious lunch prior to walking around the Chateau

The original owner, Alexandre Le Forestier, coming from a Cotentin family that claimed descent from the Counts of Flanders, wanted a modern summer retreat built in the style of the day. The old manor-house was demolished and a new house built partially into the hillside slope (allowing the kitchen to be below grade at the front).  The family didn’t emigrate during the Revolution, as many did, and thus the chateau was saved from destruction, preserving the original décor and most of the furnishings

The château is famous for its eighteenth-century interiors. The Architect paid particular attention to the highly sophisticated interior circulation and decoration. The facade is deliberately not ostentatious, as, according to architect, ‘it is absolutely vital to avoid useless ornamentation and excessive facades that detract from the quality of what is inside’. 

The château was damaged during the Second World War, and the present Count of Vendeuvre, a direct descendant of Alexander of Vendeuvre, set about the complete internal and exterior renovation of the château.  Following the completion of the interior renovation, the park’s restoration followed using the original 1813 plans as a basis for the garden’s classic French style. In 1983 the Orangery was restored to its former state, having also been badly damaged as a result of action during the war.

The Orangery is now home to the ticket office and to a collection of miniature house furnishings; models, maquettes, mini-masterpieces, ivories, silverware all minuscule in size.  This collection of small-scale objects includes over 800 pieces of furniture and other objects.  

In 1983 the grounds and first floor of the château were opened to the public – with the family continuing in residence living on the upper floors (which they still do).

After touring the gardens, we headed into the basement area for a look at the kitchen and a quite interesting collection of pet beds.  Why anyone would have a unique collection of pet-carriers, baskets and kennels is beyond me but they do. 

 Small dogs and cats were the object of much care and attention, as testified by the refinement and variety of sumptuous places in which they lived, slept and travelled. Some were even provided with bedding matched to the full-sized furniture of the room in which they were placed, others were miniature versions of the furniture, but gilded.

The kitchen area is filled with copper and tin vessels of all shapes and sizes, with old earthenware and containers giving the impression that this beautifully arranged kitchen could still be used. Under the stone vaulted ceiling, in the huge fireplace, stands a mechanical rotisserie, still in working order. In a corner of the fireplace there is an oven, which was used for broiling and pot-roasting. In the other corner of the fireplace, lumps of wood were permanently smoldering.

These were transported, using large pans, to the oven opposite, or to one of the five smaller fireplaces situated in the wall opposite, where slow-cooked dishes, such as soups and sauces were prepared. Set into the wall of another corner is a smaller oven once used for pastry-baking. All the wood ash would have been collected and sifted for use in the household laundry.  The kitchen was in use as recently as the early 20th century.

Entrance Hall with stairs to the upper level.

After touring the basement, we went to the front entrance and entered the main floor of the château.  The floor plan is twice as wide as it is deep, with a series of rooms around a central hall supported by columns. The layout of the rooms and the rounding of all the corners, help to spread the natural light throughout each room. 

On the first floor, there is a remarkable set of furniture all period pieces from the 18th century.  Yes, these ARE the real size.

It was a very pleasant visit and an interesting spot to see all the miniatures, pet beds and the historical Château.

A lovely day to spend at Château de Vendeuvre.

A Zoological Adventure

Today’s adventure would be taking us to a zoo.  Now, having grown up in San Diego I know world class zoos – we have visited both the San Diego Zoo and its offshoot the Wild Animal Park many times (including going to the Zoo on our Honeymoon all those years ago).   However, we were unprepared for how nice a zoo could be and only about 30 miles away from our Gīte.

Le Cerza (Center for Zoological Study and Reproduction Augeron), also called Cerza Zoological Park or Lisieux Zoological Park is in the Calvados Region of Normandy.  The Park was created in May 1986 by two brothers, Thierry and Patrick Jardin. Today, the park is managed by Thierry Jardin, while brother Patrick Jardin takes care of another zoo, Parc des felins near Val-de-Reuil.  It seems these brothers are committed to helping rare and endangered plants and animals.

Le Cerza seems to be a magical place as they have been successful in reproducing some very endangered animals.  The San Diego Wild Animal Park tried for years to successfully bred White Rhinoceros and this park has a herd of 16 white rhinos just wandering around!  

Births have include three lions, two red pandas and a white rhino thus enabling Cerza to fulfill its role of safeguarding and reproducing species. In 2018, the park created an enclosure for two polar bears one of the largest enclosures in Europe.  In 2019, the park was able to expand by 20 acres with the establishment of a second African plain accessible via the Safari Train.

Just in case you don’t know these folks – Ryan, Janeen, David and Chris.

Open from February to November, the park extends over 200 acres and presents more than 1,500 wild animals of 120 different species reflecting 5 continents.  It has two walking circuits, the red route (which we walked) and the yellow route, as well as a Safari Train and a 3D cinema. The Cerza aims to preserve wildlife and presents visitors with animals that are often threatened with extinction.

We arrived late morning just in time to visit the giraffe feeding station.  This was backed with kids so we just watched and tried to listen to the narrative being given.  

After visiting with the giraffes, we took the red trail where we were able to see and visit a number of animals where the enclosures are almost non-existent really just low fencing with a moot or two and some electrical wire barricades to keep the animals in but generally very open and accessible.  

After our walk, we stopped for lunch and then headed to the safari tram.   I should point out that there are accommodations on the property – from tent camping to a full hotel and the restaurant provides meals for all to all dinners. 

 From the restaurant, we boarded the Safari Train –

the train wanders through a number of areas where you can get up close and personal with the animals as you go through their enclosures – no fencing what so ever.  Along the way we saw a group of American bison with some reindeer.  

Past the enclosure with lions, another with tigers and even one with bears, O’my!   The train includes a travel through the African plain where we saw zebras, antelopes called Mrs. Grey’s waterbuck, blue wildebeests and ostriches.  

As we passed around the rhino area there were more ostriches (including a nest of eggs), scimitar-horned oryx and giraffes.  

We were all very impressed with the place and it will be a spot we return from time to time when visiting in the region.  

After completing our adventure, we headed back to the Gīte for dinner and the reveal of what would happen the next day.

Bike – Rail Ride and Automates

During our visit to the area, Ryan had planned adventures for each day which he ‘revealed’ at dinner for the following day.  On Sunday, we were heading out to a bike-rail adventure.  It seems in a number of locations where train rails have been abandoned, these bike-rail cars have been established allowing adventurers to pedal along the track.  This trip was a 13 km round trip on the railway bridges between Pont-Erambourg and Berjou.  Fortunately, the pedaling part was being done by Ryan and Chris so all we had to do is relax and enjoy the adventure.

When we arrived, for our late morning adventure, we found several old postal rail cars sitting on the tracks.  These train cars have been transformed into mini-museums with artifacts and descriptions about the rail service of the area.  It was enjoyable to walk through and see the various displays.


There were 6 or 7 bike-rail cars being cued up for our adventure.  Once everyone was gathered together, we were shown how to put the car on the round table to turn it around for the return trip.  We took the first car and loaded up our Picque Nique (picnic) lunch Chris had arranged and headed out.  Ryan and Chris had done a similar bike-rail adventure a few weeks ago so understood the process.  Fortunately, the track was relatively level so there wasn’t a lot of hills to climb and Janeen and I got to just enjoy the ride.  There were a couple roads we crossed but no clanging bells or arms came down to block the cars on the road so we had to stop and let them pass before proceeding.
  

We got to the end of the road where a fence closed off a long tunnel over the track.  We got out, and turned our car around which wasn’t that difficult.  

Of course, one ‘crew’ that arrived after we did, got their car off the tracks so others had to help out to get it all straightened out.  After some car shifting, we headed out and looked for a spot to have our lunch.  We went by a couple of benches but left them for the group of 8 or so behind us who needed a large space.  We ended up stopping along the track and having a lovely lunch before heading back to the ‘station’.


After the bike-rail trip, and a coffee and crépe, we got into the car and headed to our next spot – Musée des Automates in the town of Falaise.  For those of you who have been in Paris over Christmas, besides all the Christmas Markets, the major department stores do really elaborate window decorations.  

Many of these use animatronics (automate) figures in their displays.  These have been happening for over 100 years and this is the museum those displays come to retire.  

The museum tracks the history of ‘automates’ many made by Roullet & Decamps which was a French toy manufacturing company operating in the 19th and 20th centuries that specialized in production of automates.  Started in 1866 it created a number of automation items with each successive achievement growing in complexity and originality. 

In the beginning of the 20th century, R & D made the first large automate for shop-window dressing. These large animated showcases, designed by the company, were demonstrated in the best department stores in Paris and London. Automatic scenes for showcases were the direct descendants of mechanical automates and an important part of the decoration of Paris and other cities for several decades.


The firm ceased operations in 1995 but the collections of their dolls was felt to be a National Treasure and two museums were created to hold and display them, one museum in Falaise and the other in Souillac.  We were visiting the museum in Falaise where a number of small and large scale displays were on view.  Much of what we saw had been used in department store windows or in smaller displays.  Virtually all of the displays are in operation being controlled automatically by a computerized system designed to protect the mechanisms from excessive wear.  Most of the displays were accompanied with posters explaining how they were used.

After exploring the museum and learning about the history we walked around the town of Falaise , the original strong hold of William the Conqueror, ultimately stopping for dinner at a lovely Bistro named for William before returning home.  For day two of our visit, it was wonderful and filled with new and very different things to do.